Philippine Labor Force Essay

Just from investigating the distinct truth of Philippine Society today, any one would state that it would be a no †brainer to respond to the topic of conceivable change. Change, in the Philippines? They state. Inconceivable. However regardless of the diminish reality we are in do I gain the dauntlessness to state that the Philippines is definitely not a miserable case, I trust it isn't, for the straightforward the explanation that on the off chance that I accept that there is no hope to change our nation, at that point that is the manner by which it will be. on the off chance that I accept that there is despite everything trust, that something should be possible, at that point I can be an antecedent of progress, and consequently, something should be possible. Anyway, we don't have anything else to lose, and everything to pick up, and as such we should place ourselves in that point of view. I think the explanation the Philippines is how it is today is on the grounds that some way or another, someway, we, us Filipinos, some way or another made the entirety of this transpire. Obviously no individual would set out purposefully want for themselves destitution, what I mean is, as a group, as a people, as a whole race that had crossed ages and ages of culture, we have by one way or another permitted our general public †which could have prospered into a rich country †to weaken, extremely, about to the final turning point. We have permitted ourselves to indiscriminately control into the course of destitution when we were going into the bearing urban areas, for example, Shanghai, Singapore, and Hong Kong are in now. Numerous really accept we are by then of no arrival as of now. In any case, on the off chance that everybody imagined that we can't change, at that point how at that point will change be conceivable? On the off chance that we all things considered continue denying that we are answerable for this Philippine wreckage we have on the whole gotten ourselves into, at that point change gets unthinkable. On the off chance that we acknowledge altogether that we are †at some level †all at reason for how things are presently truly, charitably; until we acknowledge duty regarding the entire of our existence will we gain the ability to change some portion of it. So therefor, I will acknowledge that I am likewise answerable for this chaos. As a young with specific belief systems, this is one thing I can do, acknowledge that I have added what exactly is. I am answerable for the weakening of my nation, of its rich culture, of it’s society. I have permitted wrongdoing, neediness, debasement to thrive. So therefor will I become an igniter of progress. I will carry individuals to the mindfulness that change is as yet conceivable. On the off chance that ALL of us would acknowledge everything as a piece of their creation will we have the option to make a huge difference. As Jose Rizal had admirably said,† Ang kabataan ay ang pag-asa ng kinabukasan,† never has that statement appeared well and good up to this point. Envision if everybody thought that way. Progress would happen to our nation decently fast, wouldn’t you think? My obligation as an understudy may not be as vainglorious as the individuals who make a special effort to change lives, construct towns, and embrace babies from those out of luck. My obligation is straightforward, yet completely indispensable. My obligation is bring all that I have said above to as much individuals as possible. Mindfulness is beginning of knowledge, as the idiom goes, and in juxtaposition, aggregate mindfulness is a totally ground-breaking igniter of progress. On the off chance that we as a whole need it enough, it occurs. I astute individual once let me know, that the individuals are the genuine movers of progress, never the administration authorities. Government authorities follow the individuals. This has been totally shown across history; from Greek administration through general assessment, to the separating of the Berlin Wall, to the Chinese unrests which moved 1920’s Communist China which began through understudy dreams of a superior China, to our own one of a kind EDSA insurgencies, our own 1986 unrest. Change comes in numbers. Genuine change is an aggregate exertion, People Power at its generally amazing. As such I can't pressure any further the significance to impart the thoughts in others a feeling of expectation and idealism for what's to come. From mindfulness, comes activity. Thoughts generate activity, thus does my activities as an understudy in the wake of granting the thoughts of would like to other people. I would likely, as an understudy †planner, truly help In ventures that mean to give lodging to oppressed society in scales like Gawad Kalinga, and possibly soon, ideally, give them that my own assets. I would presumably additionally, realize new imaginative and helpful structure answers for the ruined, for example, the ongoing psyche blowingly inventive production of the coca-cola light container, wherin a constant flow of light is made accessible in minimal effort lodging from simply introducing a 1. L bottle into housetops. Some other creation that would significantly profit the mass populace is something I might want to make. Presumably additionally, I might want to show other people who need to get into the development business deceives and tips and picking up ranges of abilities required for stone work and carpentry. I need to assist indiv iduals with figuring out how to get fish with an angling pole bar, rather than giving them the fish. I figure they would enormously profit by that. This has made me see the chance of what we can do to improve Philippine Society. Call me insane yet may it be conceivable that we were given this structure of destitution that we may discover the force inside ourselves to transform it? Would you be able to engage the likelihood that we were naturally introduced to this nation, this setting of destitution, that we may transform it ourselves? Singapore has done it. The US has done it. China is doing it. Why can’t we? We don't have anything else to lose, and everything to pick up, and as such we should place ourselves in that point of view, and watch reality change before our eyes.

Biofilm-Mediated Enhanced Crude Oil Degradation by Free Essays

Worldwide Research Journal of Environment Sciences________________________________ ISSN 2319â€1414 Vol. 2(2), 48-52, February (2013) Int. Res. We will compose a custom paper test on Biofilm-Mediated Enhanced Crude Oil Degradation by or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now J. Condition Sci. Disconnection, Characterization and Identification of Diesel Engine Oil Degrading Bacteria from Garage Soil and Comparison of their Bioremediation Potential Teli Nikhil1, Verma Deepa2, Gavankar Rohan1 and Bhalerao Satish3 1 Department of Biotechnology, Viva College, Virar (W), Maharashtra, INDIA 2 Department of Botany, Viva College, Virar (w), Maharashtra, INDIA 3 Department of Botany, Wilson College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, INDIA Available online at: www. sca. in Received 30th November 2012, reexamined twelfth January 2013, acknowledged 25th January 2013 Abstract The pace of biodegradation of diesel motor oil by microorganisms disengaged from carport soil (oil defiled soil) was examined. Altered diesel motor oil medium was utilized and two most copious microorganisms were disengaged from carport soil †Micrococcus sp. also, Pseudomonas sp. were seen as hydrocarbon degraders and these two bacteria’s were chosen for the debasement test. The debasement of dies el motor oil was observed at a multi day interim up to twenty multi day time frame, utilizing gravimetric technique. Following 25 days of hatching period, Pseudomonas sp. debased 67. 57 % of the oil and Micrococcus sp. with 52. 95 %. Be that as it may, the blend of Micrococcus sp. furthermore, Pseudomonas sp. were found to can possibly debase diesel motor oil I. e. 89. 98 % following 25 days. The pace of debasement of diesel motor oil by Micrococcus sp. was seen as 7. 48 x 10-4gm/hr and that of Pseudomonas sp. was 9. 55 x 10-4gm/hr while the blend of both bacterial secludes indicated most noteworthy pace of corruption of diesel motor oil I. e. 1. 27 x 10-3gm/hr. Catchphrases: Bioremediation, Diesel motor oil, oil slicks, hydrocarbon degraders, Micrococcus sp. , Pseudomonas sp. Presentation As we dive further into the advanced modern time of innovations, a few parts of human life change. Individuals advantage to a great extent from life advancement and many live in flourishing, however success has a cost. This cost is paid by our condition that experiences day by day a wide range of toxins and annihilation. Individuals presently need to discover approaches to fix this obliteration. Oil sullying is one of the most risky contamination factors known today. It can make a danger the earth. It is very dreaded by earthy people and it’s exceptionally difficult to control in the event that it turns crazy. Oil slicks have been a significant issue across decades. One of the renowned oil slicks which are likewise progressing is in Taylor Energy Well in Gulf of Mexico, U. S. A caused because of Hurricane; Sept 16, 2004 till present date and very nearly 0. 03-0. 05 tones oil/every day is evaluated to spill. Another ongoing oil slick was in Mumbai (India) and caused because of the spillage in Mumbai-Uran pipeline dated January 21, 2011 and around 55 tons of oil was spilled in Arabian Sea. Different such mishaps happen consistently and it makes harm our encompassing. Diesel motor oil, which is one of the significant results of raw petroleum, comprises a significant wellspring of contamination in our condition. With the consolidated reliance on diesel motor oil by certain vehicles and generators, more noteworthy amounts are being shipped over significant distances. Accordingly diesel motor oil can go into the earth through wrecks of oil big haulers conveying diesel oil, cleaning of diesel tanks by shippers, war ships conveying diesel oil and engine mechanics1. Diesel oil slicks on horticultural land for the most part decrease plant development. Proposed explanations behind the diminished plant development in diesel oil debased soils go from direct poisonous impact on plants2 and decreased germination to unsuitable soil condition because of deficient air circulation of the dirt due to the relocation of air from the space between the dirt particles by diesel motor oil3. Among a few cleanâ€up strategies accessible to expel oil hydrocarbons from the dirt and groundwater, bioremediation forms are making strides because of their straightforwardness, higher productivity and costâ€effectiveness when contrasted with other technologies4. This examination was accordingly intended to screen the pace of biodegradation of diesel motor oil (hydrocarbon) by microorganisms disengaged from carport soil (oil debased soil), by utilizing gravimetric strategy. Material and Methods Preparation of changed diesel oil medium: The adjusted diesel oil medium contained 0. 7 gm K2HPO4, 0. 1 gm (NH4)2SO4, 0. 3 gm KH2PO4, 0. 3 gm MgSO4 7H2O, 2. 2 gm agar †agar5. The mineral segments of the medium were broken up in 100 ml of refined water and blended in with 2 ml of Gulf diesel motor oil. The medium was autoclaved at 121oC for 15 min. Global Science Congress Association 8 International Research Journal of Environment Sciences______________________________________________ ISSN 2319â€1414 Vol. 2(2), 48-52, February (2013) Int. Res. J. Condition Sci. Advancement of microorganisms: Microorganisms equipped for corrupting diesel motor oil were improved in clean altered diesel motor oil medium by immunizing soil (which was gathered from M aharashtra carport, 65 years of age carport at Sewri) in to the medium in 250 ml funnel shaped cup. 0. 5 gm of this carport soil was vaccinated in to the 100 ml of clean adjusted diesel oil stock and permitted to hatch at 37oC for multi week. Confinement of microorganisms: After multi week of hatching period, 1 drop of enhanced culture was spread on to the clean adjusted diesel oil agar plate. The plate was brooded at 37oC for 48 hr. After 48 hr brooding; two distinctive bacterial states were chosen from hatched plate. Each bacterial province type was sub refined more than once onto clean supplement agar plates to get an unadulterated culture. Unadulterated societies of bacterial confines were recognized based on their pilgrim morphology, cell morphology and biochemical attributes as indicated by the ordered plan of Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology6. Assurance of microbial province numbers for corruption contemplates: 5 ml of clean Nutrient stock was aseptically vaccinated with a loopful of unadulterated culture of Colony 1(C1) in first test cylinder and Colony 2 (C2) in second test tube and brooded both the cylinders at 37oC for 24 hr. After hatching, the quantities of creatures present in one ml of supplement stock were dictated by spread plate strategy. The quantities of creatures were balanced in both the cylinders so that both the detaches contain around equivalent quantities of microorganism in one ml of test by utilizing clean Nutrient stock as a diluent7. Soil test assortment and readiness: Top surface soil test was gathered from the premises of the Shahid Bhagatsingh Ground, Kalachowki; in sanitized plastic compartments. Soil test implied for corruption considers was sanitized utilizing autoclave at 121oC for 15 min, after which it was permitted to cool to room temperature for additional medicines. Portrayal and treatment of tests: Test: I. 12 examples of 15 gm sanitized soil blended in with 1 ml (0. 848 gm) of Sterile Gulf diesel motor oil + 0. 2 ml culture of C1, ii. 12 examples of 15 gm sanitized soil blended in with 1 ml (0. 48 gm) of Sterile Gulf diesel motor oil + 0. 2 ml culture of C 2, iii. 12 examples of 15 gm sanitized soil blended in with 1 ml (0. 848 gm) of Sterile Gulf diesel motor oil + 0. 1 ml culture of C1+ 0. 1 ml culture of C 2 Control: 12 examples of 15 gm cleaned soil blended in with 1 ml (0. 848 gm) of Sterile Gulf diesel motor oil + 0. 2 ml of sterile refined water. Diesel oil debasement examines: The capacity o f C1, C2 and blend of both the bacterial segregates to corrupt diesel oil was checked on the principal (day zero) of the investigation and hence at 5-day interim for 25 days. Carbon tetrachloride was utilized as an extractant. On every day, two examples for each single treatment were broke down for the amount of remaining diesel oil7. Every one of the 15gm soil treatment tests was blended in with 40 ml of carbon tetrachloride, put in an isolating funnel shaped flagon, shaken vivaciously for 3 min and permitted to agree to 5 min. The fluid stage was isolated by permitting the supernatant (diesel oil †carbon tetrachloride) to go step by step through a pipe fitted with channel paper (Whatman No 1). Anhydrous sodium sulfate spread on the channel paper was utilized to evacuate any dampness in the blend. The fluid stage was gathered in a 50-ml pre-gauged measuring utencil. The container containing the concentrate was put in a stove and the extractant permitted to vanish at 50oC. The measuring glass with the leftover diesel oil was permitted to cool to room temperature and weighed to decide the amount of lingering diesel oil by difference8. Results and Discussion In this investigation, the dirt examples were assembled from the carport (oil defiled site) on the grounds that the capacity of local bacterial populace to mineralize unrefined petroleum hydrocarbons in oil polluted destinations was affirmed before by numerous scientists9. The pace of biodegradation of Diesel motor oil by hydrocarbonoclastic life forms secluded from carport soil were evaluated. Table †1 and table †2 shows that, utilizing social qualities and biochemical attributes, two bacterial secludes; Micrococcus sp. furthermore, Pseudomonas sp. were distinguished by compairing it with the Bergey’s manual of determinative bacteriology. The quantity of CFU/ml of both the bacterial separates was changed in accordance with 7. 88 x 107 CFU/ml for debasement contemplates. The biodegraders which were Micrococcus sp. , Pseudomonas sp. what's more, Mixture of both the way of life indicated various capacities in the breakdown and usage of the diesel motor oil. Character Colony 1 Colony 2 Size 1-2 mm 2-3 mm Table-1 Colony attributes of bacterial is

Lessons Learned from the Three-Week Project Turn Around Essay

In the realm of PCs, Information Technology and Software Development individuals communicate in an alternate language. They should talk antiquated Latin and nobody will think about when they use C++, VisualBasic and Java the remainder of the populace would some of the time feel out of this world.  â â â â â â â â â â The group chiefs and undertaking administrators who are driving this gathering of individuals must become familiar with an alternate method of unraveling bunch clashes and a large group of business issues identified with the computerized world. One needs to recall that however this unique gathering is in a type of assembling an item, they are in no way, shape or form managing crude materials like wood, minerals, metals, and synthetic concoctions. They use something different and that is HR called developers.  â â â â â â â â â â Charlie Poole had the chance to work in this world and he discovered soon that he should rapidly adjust to the circumstance. His concern with a specific programming improvement venture was not one of a kind to the product advancement organization he is working for. He is feeling the weight of apparently unrealistic issues basic to this business. Actually Poole and his group is as of now encountering or going to encounter various examples or cycles a product advancement bunch generally experiences as portrayed by Kent Beck in his book, Extreme Programming Explained and a couple of models are recorded underneath: Timetable slips †the day for conveyance comes, and you need to tell the client that the product won’t be prepared for an additional a half year. Undertaking dropped †after various slips, the venture is dropped while never going into creation. Imperfection rate †the product is placed into creation, yet it doesn’t take care of the business issue that was initially presented. Bogus component rich †the product has a large group of possibly fascinating highlights, which were all amusing to program, however none of which gets the client much cash-flow. Staff turnover †following two years, all the great software engineers on the task start to abhor the programâ and leave.  â â â â â â â â â â Again, in view of his diary/venture report there is motivation to accept that the feared situations referenced by Beck is approaching in the skyline of Poole and his group as prove by his works:  â â â â â â â â â â In July 2001 I went through three weeks attempting to turn a venture around. The undertaking experienced difficulties:  â â â â â â â huge necessities that said nothing, plan slippages tat had just stretched out it to twice  â it’s unique gauge, no coordinated variant of the application we were creating [†¦] This was  â â â â â â â â â a long ways past my unique duty and I was intending to leave. Simultaneously, the  venture chief was leaving, and another one was not accessible for three weeks. (Poole)  â â â â â â â â â â The setting is set and before Poole could have arrived at the last level as desribed by Beck †leaving the organization in dissatisfaction †the â€Å"turnaround master† Mr. Poole went to the extreme principles of Extreme Programming (â€Å"XP†) for help.  â â â â â â â â â â The standards of XP can be found in an article composed by Pradyumn Sharma, CEO of Pragati Software and he recorded it as: Ceaseless Integration Little Releases On location Customer Arranging Game Similitude Basic Design Testing Refactoring Pair Programming Aggregate Ownership No additional time Coding Standards  â â â â â â â â â â Charlie Poole affirms that he just utilized four of the twelve XP standards to be specific, 1) Continuous coordination; 2) Small Releases; 3)Onsite Customer; and 4) Planning Game. This doesn't generally mater in light of the fact that the accomplishment of the group can be ascribed in the utilization of XP strategies as well as in the authority abilities of Poole.  â â â â â â â â â â Consider the accompanying advances he took, turning into a kind of a dissident in that organization who like the others have certain customs and a method of getting things done.  â â â â â â â â â â In request for the task to be finished in such a brief timeframe and with the chances not in support of them, the group and the authority must follow an old truth which is the improvement of a â€Å"vision†. Before anything this â€Å"vision† must be first set up in the hearts and the psyches of the all the individuals from the group including obviously the administration. A dream or a psychological picture of what must occur after a given time must be given by the pioneer. As per Russ Finney this pioneer is known as the expert framework developer and he should thusly turn into a framework visionary which as indicated by Finney has the unenviable job of doing the accompanying undertakings:  â â â â â â â â â â His or her readiness to share knowledge and comprehension of a circumstance, and the essential  â â â â â â â steps the individual imagines to show up at an ideal result, will in general be subject to tow  factors: the degree of certainty the person in question has in the thoughts, and their resistance for examination and analysis [†¦] With each passing period of the undertaking, the person should continually create and convey their vision of both the framework usefulness  and the task approach. (1999)  â â â â â â â â â â Charlie Poole didn't just give vision and tuned in to his colleagues yet he additionally he group yet he planned a smart path for building it and introducing it to them. Poole didn't sit in one corner of th office and composed his vision yet rather proposed the utilization of â€Å"stories†. Once more, he exhibited his capacity to be a free thinker when the circumstance calls for it. This utilization of a story does some amazing things for the gathering due to the accompanying reasons: Improving the theoretical universe of PC programming. An imaginative method of permitting the Customers who may not be in fact capable to join  â â â â â â â â â â and add to the composition of a psychological image of what the task should be. It made a wellspring of data from which the gathering can draw motivation and furthermore a device to on observing a bird’s eye perspective on the venture that will help in the last phases of  combination.  â â â â â â â â â â Poole additionally accomplished more than give a dream, he likewise made a situation that limited the rise of contentions among groups and colleagues. He presumably got the thought from Ohlendorf’s work when he started to meet his group each Monday for breakfast. Also, rather than censuring his group for infractions he was happy to tune in to what they need to state. The accompanying proclamations clarify why Poole was fruitful around there. Amy Ohlendorf in her work entitled Conflict Resolution in Project Management declares that figuring out how to effectively listen will do ponders for an association encountering trouble and she stated:  â â â â â â â â â â Listening permits the contention to take its normal course by giving people the  chance to dissent, express solid suppositions, and show energy for thoughts. A regard  for singular distinction is shown and a situation of comprehension is  â â â â â â encouraged. Listening is useful in accomplishing a triumphant goals by empowering a representative  â â â â â â â â to distinguish the measures that is viewed as a worthy result. Thus [†¦] trust and  â â a relationship bond will shape planning people to listen additionally to the necessities of the  â administrator. (2000)  â â â â â â â â â â The main tangle to the multi week adventure was the point at which the company’s the executives step in to abrogate what Poole was effectively been doing since he expected the post †giving nearness initiative. Along these lines he had the option to realize how to make the thing work and out of nowhere the executives started directing unreasonable cutoff times that nearly keeled the boat over. Lessonâ gained from that disaster: in the midst of emergency lead, don’t oversee.  â â â â â â â â â â  â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â Conclusion  â â â â â â â â â â Based on his diary or undertaking report, Charlie Poole didn't detailed on the off chance that he went to an initiative school or on the off chance that he had past preparing in an administration organization. In the event that he didn't, at that point it very well may be said that he showed an uncanny capacity to give high-gauge authority to a gathering in emergency mode where everything that is going on focuses to an inescapable breakdown.  â â â â â â â â â â Almost everything went by his desires †in any event those that he can control †which are a demonstration of his authority aptitudes and the mental fortitude to do rehearse approachs and strategies never done. As such he set out to accomplish something other than what's expected, for the basic explanation that he was entrusted to finish a vocation and its absolutely impossible it very well may be finished utilizing the ordinary course †the typical method of getting things done around here kind of thing. Also, he was abundantly remunerated for his no guts no brilliance approach with a little assistance from sound administration rules that he tossed in to his best stuff. References Ohlendorf, Amy. (2000). â€Å"Conflict Resolution in Project Management.† University of Missouri † â â â â â â â â â â St. Louis, Available: http://www.umsl.edu/~sauterâ /investigation/488_f01_papers/Ohlendorf.htm[30 May 2006]. Finney, Russ. (1999). â€Å"Winn

Agrarian Domains Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Agrarian Domains - Essay Example The legitimate framework and police supported isolation. Be that as it may, past the legitimate framework, there was regularly a potential hazard by the psychological oppressor hostility. The Ku Klux Klan, Knights of White Camellia, and different fan killed a large number of blacks and a few whites to prevent them from casting a ballot and partaking in open life (Stonaker and Shepard, 12). Execution was one of the significant methods of savagery. Between the year 1884 and 1900, white packs killed roughly 2,000 blacks in the south. The posses additionally consumed them alive, shot them or even beat them to death. The culprits additionally executed blacks for any pollution of the southern principles and guidelines (16). The southern states endorsed laws in 1800’s that obliged various lodging for blacks and whites in schools. They likewise endorsed laws for various open transportation frameworks, courts, libraries, and burial grounds. Furthermore, they additionally affirmed that no dark man would be placed in a comparable crazy safe house with the white man in each southern state. Prevalently, all the above laws were all things considered alluded to as Jim Crow laws (Schultz and Tishler, 5). The initial move towards the battle for end of legitimate isolation happened when minorities individuals, groups of African Americans and some European activists teamed up to battle isolation of trains in New Orleans. In 1905, W.E.B. Dubois drove various Black activists at a gathering assembled in Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada to design strategies for disposal racial isolation and backer for racial fairness. In the year 1909, this gathering by dark activists turned into the Niagara Movement, which prompted the arrangement of National Association of the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). This affiliation coordinated its endeavors to battle for the privileges of minorities individuals and testing racial isolation in courts (Stonaker and Shepard,

Business Process Management Life Cycle

Business Process Management Life Cycle Organizations have objectives to accomplish and goals to achieve. It could be the delivery of products or services to end-users, or the performance of support services to ensure customer satisfaction. It could be the transformation of raw materials into parts that are subsequently assembled to create a final product. It can even be the proper recording of all financial transactions of the company for purposes of budgeting and financial management.The accomplishment and achievement of these goals and objectives require the performance of a task or activity, or a series of tasks and activities. These sets of activities or tasks, which are logically related and often follow a logical flow, are referred to as business processes.The day-to-day operations of businesses and organizations, regardless of their nature, structure, and even the industry they belong to, are basically comprised of business processes. Manufacturing itself is considered a business process, but it is a very broad one , considering how it also encompasses other business processes, such as product assembly and quality assurance. Finance is just as broad, involving lesser but nonetheless vital processes, such as invoicing, billing, and budgeting. © Shutterstock.com | PureSolutionEven the activities and tasks that are often considered by many as peripheral and “non-central” to the core activities of the business or organization are also business processes. Human Resources, for example, conduct a series of logical steps in their hiring and recruitment process. Other processes they are concerned with include attendance management and leave management.If you take a look at the very nature of business processes, it is easy to see how there is a need to manage them. While some processes are straightforward, involving only two or three steps or tasks, there are others that are far more complex, with multiple steps that involve multiple performers or users. These steps are also often performed repetitively and on a regular basis. These spur organizations to find ways to optimize and standardize these processes, and that’s where Business Process Management comes in.BPM is a very broad topic and cannot be summed up in one sittin g or discussion. This article aims to give you a broad introduction on the fundamental concepts of Business Process Management.BUSINESS PROCESS MANAGEMENTBusinesses, in order to achieve its goals and objectives, design, implement and use business processes which they, in turn, manage for optimization and standardization purposes, using what is known as Business Process Management.Business Process Management (BPM) is a management discipline describing the systematic approach to “identify, execute, document, measure, monitor and control both automated and non-automated business processes to achieve consistent, targeted results aligned with an organization’s strategic goals.” To put it simply, it is the systematic approach to improving the business processes of an organization, making the workflow more efficient and effective, and improve its overall ability to adapt to an ever-changing business environment.Management of business processes through BPM involves modeling, analysis, design and measurement of these processes. It sounds like a lot of work, which is why BPM is designed to be technology-enabled. This means that it makes use of various technological tools in carrying out its roles.Aside from the obvious, which is the improvement of business processes to achieve its goals and objectives, why is it so important for businesses to have a BPM system in place?BPM facilitates the improvement and management of processes that drive optimized business results, leading to lower costs, higher revenues and high customer satisfaction, to name a few.BPM enables businesses to align its processes with the needs of their customers.BPM aids decision-making on matters such as deployment, measurement and monitoring of the resources of the organization.BPM contributes to the maintenance of a sound financial management system of the company.BPM allows the organization to keep track of its progress in meeting and achieving its goals.To understand it better, let us take a deeper look at the benefits that organizations can derive from the implementation of Business Process Management.Revenue growth. Increased revenue potentially means increase in the net profit earned by the company. BPM, as mentioned earlier, helps align business processes and functions to the needs of customers. This means higher customer satisfaction and improved reputation for the company, which ultimately contribute to more revenue and, consequently, profit.Reduced costs. Another component of increased profit is having lower costs and expenditures. Inefficiencies and waste of resources â€" two definite reasons for cost hemorrhage in organizations â€" may also result from poor planning and subsequent tracking or monitoring of the usage of these resources. An effective BPM system provides a means for tracking the resources, and gives management the heads up in the event that some adjustments have to be made to address these inefficiencies.Higher accountability. BPM establishes a sy stem of checks and balances within the organization, so the functions and corresponding responsibilities and accountabilities of each department, each officer, and each employee are clearly defined. This minimizes (and may even eliminate) the risk of losses due to human error in the conduct of their respective tasks and activities, as well as the potential of fraud and negligence.Improved and increased productivity. Productivity is affected by various factors, including proper utilization of capital and resources, human resource management, and physical working conditions, among others. Best practices in BPM have an impact on these aspects or areas of the business, ensuring that overall productivity is boosted.Improved reliability of information. Having a working and effective BPM system can increase the reliability of generated business information which, in turn, will be used by management for decision-making, and other stakeholders. Information retrieval and dissemination is also easier, saving time and effort that would have been wasted in looking them up.Simplified and assured compliance. Many businesses unwittingly find themselves facing issues regarding non-compliance with regulations and rules imposed by legislation and industrial standards. Having a BPM system in place allows the organization to cover all its bases and keep track of their duties and obligations. Obviously, non-compliance issues can be costly to settle, not to mention other legal repercussions that may threaten even the right of the business to operate.Tighter security measures. The resources, as well as information, that belong to the company will be safer from loss, theft and misuse, since BPM measures are also designed to protect them. Proper documentation and dissemination of information ensures that they will not fall into the wrong hands, especially those of a confidential nature. Compliance monitoring also sees to it that the company and its employees are protected from possibil ities of litigation and other legal repercussions.Unfortunately, it is a fact that there are still a lot of businesses that do not use Business Process Management, largely because they are not aware of the concept or, even if they do, they do not fully understand its importance or the benefits they can get from it. For others, they are intimidated by the idea of applying BPM, thinking that it is something extremely complicated and may even cost them money.After all, many are under the impression that BPM strictly means automation of business processes, and they equate “automation” with “more spending”. There are also a few businesses that decide that they cannot “be bothered” to use BPM, since it is not the core function of their business.However, the business landscape today has become more competitive due, in large part, to the effects of globalization and the volatility of economies and markets all over the world. Staying competitive has become one of the main concern s of most businesses, and one way to achieve that is through optimization of business processes. Thus, Business Process Management is something that should not be ignored or easily dismissed.CORE ELEMENTS OF BUSINESS PROCESS MANAGEMENTResearchers suggested six elements that every effective BPM should have.Strategic alignment or synchronization: The alignment referred to is that of the BPM and the overall strategy of the organization, meaning the business processes must be designed, implemented and managed (through the BPM) in accordance with the strategic priorities, objectives and goals of the organization. There has to be a direct and identifiable linkage or connection between these priorities and the processes. Otherwise, you will have wasted your resources on an ineffective BPM system.Governance: From the outset, the roles and responsibilities for the different levels of BPM must be clearly established and communicated to all members of the organization and other stakeholders. T his is to ensure transparency and accountability. This also involves setting out clear guidelines on the decision-making process, as well as rewards and sanction programs.Methodologies: The conduct of BPM initiatives entail the utilization of methods, or tools and techniques that facilitate management of business processes. The most common example often used is the Six Sigma, a set of techniques developed by Motorola engineer Bill Smith in an effort to improve the capability of business processes.Information Technology: BPM has become increasingly associated with technology, mostly because of how heavily it depends on IT-based solutions. Thus, information technology plays a very important role in the execution of BPM initiatives.People: Technology and information systems are pretty much useless by themselves, without any human factor. Therefore, organizations assign specific manpower solely dedicated to carry out its BPM initiatives. These people possess all the necessary knowledge and skills in process management, while seeing to it that they are in alignment with the goals of the organization.Culture: This mostly pertains to the organizational culture, or the collective values within the organization. First and foremost, the organization must have a culture or environment that facilitates, complements and supports its BPM initiatives. After all, BPM is not a standalone unit of the organization, since it cuts across the entire organizational structure.THE BUSINESS PROCESS MANAGEMENT LIFE CYCLEThe BMP Life Cycle is characterized by iterative set of activities, done in phases. This means that the cycle can be repeated, instead of ending once the final phase is over.There are six phases in the BPM life cycle.Phase 1: Process Planning and StrategyIn business, everything begins with a plan. This plan will serve as the guidelines to be followed by those who will implement it.BPM begins with the development of a plan that clearly maps out the strategy and the direct ion of the organization’s BPM initiatives. In order to be useful for BPM, the strategy must be process-driven, and the plan must be designed and structured in a way that will ensure the delivery of value to customers.Process planning and strategy involve the following:Understanding of the organization’s strategies and goals. These will serve as a guide in setting the objectives and strategies of BPM, since the two must be aligned.Identification and enumeration of current processes, requiring an in-depth look at the existing process architecture of the organization.There are three types of processes or activities that exist in organizations:1. Primary processesThese are the core processes of the company, which are readily identifiable because of their cross-functional nature, and the fact that these are the processes that directly deliver value to customers. These processes arise from the main activities of the business.Geary Rummler categorized primary or core processes into thr ee:Processes that imagine and create the product or service (ex. Product development, prototyping, conduct of feasibility studies)Processes that produce or make the product or service (ex. Production process, raw materials procurement)Processes that sell or deliver the product or service to the customers (ex. Sales, distribution)2. Secondary processesThese are processes that are in place purposely to provide support to the primary processes, which is why they are also referred to as “support processes”. Unlike the primary processes, they do not directly deliver value, and are usually restricted to the functional areas of the organization.The most common examples of support processes are:Human resource managementTechnology developmentInformation technology managementSupplies procurementFacilities management3. Management processesAll organizations strive for efficiency and effectiveness, and the task of monitoring that falls on the shoulders of management, who are responsible for performing management processes. These processes take a look at both the primary and secondary processes, mainly to monitor whether they are on track in meeting the company’s operational and financial goals. They are also in place to ensure compliance of the primary and secondary processes to regulatory and legal guidelines.Just like the support processes, management processes also do not directly provide value, but are nonetheless vital to the organization.Identification of appropriate BPM roles and responsibilities within the organization. Who are the key players in BPM? What level of support will the organization’s BPM initiatives get from top management and the other members of the organization?Identification of methodologies and performance measures to be used in BPM.Phase 2: Analysis of Business ProcessesThere is a need to understand the current or existing business processes since they are the very object of BPM. Obviously, one will not be able to manage something that it does not understand. The objective of this phase is to find out whether the business processes currently in place are aligned with the goals and objectives of the organization.Certain methodologies are applied in the analysis phase. The most common, and usually first, step undertaken is the gathering of data and information on the business processes. These are obtained from currently maintained company or organization documentation, strategic plans and process models. It may also require more than a peek into the performance measurements being used by the company.Analysis will provide insights on the strengths and weaknesses of the business processes, and open windows to understanding how they impact the overall performance of the organization.The process analysis techniques can be classified into two.Qualitative analysisQualitative analysis is performed for two reasons: to identify wastes, redundancies, or losses incurred in the processes and eliminate them, and to identify and un derstand all the issues involved, and prioritize them accordingly.Some of the most commonly used techniques are:Value-added analysis â€" In this technique, each step in the processes are classified on whether they are value-adding (VA), business value-adding (BVA), or non-value-adding (NVA). A step is considered VA if it produces value to the customer, denoted by a willingness on the part of the latter to pay for that specific step. An example is the assembly process of a product. After completion of the production process, but before delivery to customers, the finished product is required by law to undergo physical inspection by an independent third-party. This does not add value to the customer, but it adds value to the business, since it is a requirement for the continuous operation of the business. This is BVA activity. Rework costs in case the product was defective due to worker negligence, as well as costs of delay in shipment or delivery, on the other hand, do not add value t o the customer. This is NVA. Basically, any other activity that does not fall under the VA and BVA categories will fall under this.Root-Cause analysis â€" This issue analysis technique often makes use of cause-and-effect diagrams and why-why diagrams, highlighting causal factors and seeking answers to the “Why” questions regarding the processes. This makes the technique effective for getting to the root of the problems or issues.Pareto analysis â€" Pareto bar charts are primarily used in this technique. The bar chart presents the impact of all the relevant issues or problems. The higher or taller bars are those that require more attention, which means they should be prioritized.Quantitative analysisQuantitative analysis techniques are centered around numbers, figures and statistics. These often include:Quantitative flow analysis: There are several flow analysis techniques being used, depending on the process being analyzed. Flow analysis is usually used in the analysis of capaci ty requirements, error rates in the process level, as well as costs. Cycle time analysis is also a common application of flow analysis, where the average duration or cycle time for an entire process â€" or a step in the process â€" is calculated, in order to assess efficiency and effectiveness.Queuing analysis: Unlike the flow analysis, queuing takes waiting time into consideration. Variability in service times, delays and rework times, are factored in, in recognition of the fact that these capacity problems are unavoidable and should, therefore, play a role in process design and redesign.Process simulation: Process simulation also considers waiting times, but it is also applicable for processes that involve parallel activities running simultaneously. Queuing generally does not apply to these types of activities. In process simulation, the process is modeled into a simulation model, which is enhanced with simulation data, and undergoes simulation. The outputs are then analyzed. In t he event that there are multiple scenarios, the simulation model can be tweaked accordingly and undergo simulation again until all alternative scenarios are covered.Findings during this phase will usually point to either one of two: it is either the business processes are aligned with organizational goals and objectives, or they are not. The findings will be used in the next phase of the BPM life cycle.Phase 3: Design and Modeling of Business ProcessesDepending on the results of the business process analysis, there may be a need to design new processes, or redesign the existing ones. The objective is to come up with a process design that provides a full picture of the work, from end to end, to guarantee the delivery of value to customers.The main concern in this phase is to determine whether the process is good “as is”, or if it should be redesigned in a better, more appropriate “to be” process.This phase entails the following:Understanding of the intention of the organizati on with respect to the business process, such as what they want to achieve and how they are going to use the process to achieve them.Documentation of the work to be performed through process modeling, in detail:Nature of the workTime, duration and frequency of performance of workLocation of performance of workThe workers primarily and secondarily involved in the work performanceMethodologies, tools and techniques usedSequence of activities within the work processIdentification and understanding of the environmental factors that have an impact on the process, as these are likely to influence the design (or redesign, as the case may be) of processes.Business process modeling is basically the activity of representing the processes of the organization in a structural form. It serves two main purposes: documentation and analysis. The business process model serves as a ready reference for members of the organization for any future projects or process evaluations. It is also a useful train ing aid in the case of new employees.Further, the process model will play a central role when management evaluates the performance of the departments or units, and when it is looking for opportunities for change. In the event that there are plans for business expansion and growth, the documentation will also be a great help.This can be in the form of a narrative description, a diagram or an illustration, as long as it provides an end-to-end perspective of all the processes of the organization â€" whether they are primary, support, or management processes.Perhaps the most identifiable form is a workflow chart or diagram, which maps out the logical flow of activities within the process in a unit or department of the organization. Some companies prefer the representation to be in the form of a map, since it offers more precision. In other cases, the preference is for a model, which are highly precise and highly detailed, and also require a lot of work.When it comes to process redesign, there are two approaches:Continuous Process Improvement: In this approach, there is an implied acceptance of the current processes. Therefore, the main focus is to identify the problems or issues that were previously unnoticed, and seek solutions for them. This approach looks for these solutions incrementally, taking one issue at a time.Business Process Re-engineering: Unlike the Continuous Process Improvement, Re-engineering takes a look at the entire process structure and aims to rework it entirely, with the aim of streamlining it or making it more effective and efficient. It is decidedly a more sweeping approach.Phase 4: Process ImplementationThe designed (or redesigned) process will be implemented. Implementation is performed either systemically or non-systemically.Systemic implementation entails the use of specific software and technologies in implementing the process design.Non-systemic implementation is when these technological BPM tools are not used.The choice between the t wo will largely depend on the nature of the business process and, in a small part, on the resources of the organization. After all, the use of technology is bound to cost the company.Phase 5: Process Monitoring and ControllingThe process, once implemented, requires tracking, measuring, and controlling, which is supposed to be done on a continuous basis. The purpose of these is to:Obtain necessary information to ascertain whether changes or adjustments must be made to the process design, or even to the resources and tools used in its implementation.Measure performance of the process to gauge whether it, indeed, leads to the achievement of organizational goals and objectives.Business process analytics are the main inputs in this phase, where historical analytics are used for process controlling purposes. Monitoring of the business activities are usually done through the use of dashboards and rule-based notifications, particularly in organizations that have their own IT infrastructure that they can use for the BPM initiatives.Phase 6: Process Refinement or ImprovementBPM allows organizations to maintain the high level of quality and performance of its business processes. Through monitoring and control of process performance, the organization will be able to innovate and improve its processes primarily through redesign and reengineering.Basically, the results of all that analysis and design (and redesign) work will be implemented to “fine-tune” the process. Remember that the company aims to optimize its processes through BPM, and that is mostly fulfilled in this phase.This phase targets the improvement or refinement of three aspects: performance of the processes, of process management, and of the organization as a whole.